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SNK

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SNK Corporation (株式会社SNK, Kabushiki-gaisha SNK),[5] originally founded as SNK, is a Japanese company founded on July 22nd, 1978 by Eikichi Kawasaki. It produces and publishes arcade games and video games. The name "SNK" stems from the Japanese words "Shin Nihon Kikaku" ("新日本企画", lit. "New Japan Project").[6][7][8][9] Initially, the company sought to create hardware and software for business customers, but it quickly moved onto the gaming industry.

Throughout the 1990's, SNK gained prominence with it's Neo Geo systems, but have since become known for it's legacy of classic arcade titles most notably in the Fighting game genre; these include Fatal Fury, The King of Fighters, Art of Fighting, Samurai Shodown, and The Last Blade.

Company history[]

1973 – 1981: Origins[]

Snk-headquarters

SNK's original headquarters in Esaka, Osaka.

SNK was founded in 1973 as Shin Nihon Kikaku and reorganized on July 22nd, 1978 as a stock company (kabushiki gaisha) under the name "Shin Nihon Kikaku Corporation".[10][11] When Eikichi Kawasaki noticed rapid growth in the coin-operated video game market, he expanded Shin Nihon Kikaku to include the development and marketing of stand-alone coin-op games.

The company was nicknamed "Shin Nihon Kikaku" in katakana at first, but since 1981 it has been changed to "SNK" ("エス・エヌ・ケイ", lit. "Esu・Enu・Kē") by taking the initials from the Roman alphabet (Shin Nihon Kikaku). The English copyright notation was also "SNK CORPORATION". It established itself in Sunnyvale, California, to deliver its own brand of coin-operated games to arcades in North America. SNK chose John Rowe to head its American operation.

The first two titles that SNK released were Ozma Wars (1979), a vertical space shooter, and Safari Rally (1980), a maze game. Game quality improved over time, most notably with Vanguard (1981), a side-scrolling space shooter. SNK licensed the game to Centuri for distribution in North America. Centuri started manufacturing and distributing the game by itself when profits exceeded projections.[12] In part due to the success of Vanguard, SNK began to gain fame and reputation. An American branch opened on October 20th, 1981, named SNK Electronics Corporation.[13]

1986 – 1999: SNK Corporation[]

In April 1986, the company name was changed to the nickname "SNK", but the registered trade name had to be SNK Corporation ("株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ", lit. "Kabushiki-gaisha Esu・Enu・Kē").[14][6][7][8][9] This is because the Ministry of Justice at that time did not approve the registration of a trade name using the alphabet, as for ADK, NMK, TDK and RKB Mainichi Broadcasting. In November 1986, the American subsidiary SNK Corporation of America[15] was born in Sunnyvale, California.[16][17] In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in Suita, Osaka, Japan.[18]

At the point, the Japanese operations of SNK Corporation had shifted their focus solely toward developing and licensing video games for arcade use and later for early consoles. Between 1979 and 1986, SNK produced 23 stand-alone arcade games. Highlights from this period include Mad Crasher (1984), Alpha Mission (1985), and Athena (1986), a game that gained a large following when it was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1987. SNK's most successful game from this time was Ikari Warriors, released in 1986. It was so popular that it was licensed and ported to the Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Commodore 64, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Apple II, ZX Spectrum, and NES. After Ikari Warriors, SNK released two sequels: Victory Road and Ikari III: The Rescue.[12]

Snk usa 1995

SNK Corporation of America Office in 1995

At the time, Japan was affected by the video game crash of 1983. The console manufacturer Nintendo remained in business throughout and after the crash. SNK became a third-party licensee for Nintendo's Famicom (alternative name for the NES) system in 1985. It opened a second branch in the US, called SNK Home Entertainment, based in Torrance, California. The branch handled the North American distribution and marketing of the company's products for home consoles. John Rowe had already left the company to form Tradewest, which went on to market the Ikari Warriors series in North America. Paul Jacobs took over Rowe's position over both halves of SNK America. He is known for having helped launch the company's Neo Geo system outside of Asia.[12]

In response to strong sales of the company's NES ports, SNK began to dabble in the development of original software designed specifically for the NES console. Two games came out of this effort: Baseball Stars (1989) and Crystalis (1990; known as God Slayer in Japan). In 1989, two home video game consoles were released in North America: the Sega Genesis, and NEC and Hudson Soft's TurboGrafx-16. Nintendo followed suit with a new system in 1991, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES, SNES). SNK as a whole did not become involved in the "system wars" of the early 1990s. Instead, it refocused its efforts on arcades. Other third parties, such as Romstar and Takara, were left to license and port SNK's properties to the various home consoles of the time with help from SNK's American home entertainment division. With console ports mainly handled outside the company, it moved on to developing SNK-branded arcade equipment.[12] SNK also licensed Tiger Electronics to market handheld electronic games from some of its brands.

In 1988, SNK created the idea of a modular cabinet for arcades. Up to that point, arcade cabinets typically contained only one game. When an arcade operator wanted to switch or replace that game, it would have to completely remove the internals of the existing cabinet or exchange the entire setup for another game. SNK's new system, called Neo Geo MVS (short for Multi Video System), featured multiple games in a single cabinet and used a cartridge-based storage mechanism. The system debuted in 1990 and could contain one, two, four, or six separate games in a single cabinet. To swap in a new game, all the operator had to do was remove one cartridge and exchange it for another. The MVS was an immediate success. It greatly shortened the setup time needed for each game, minimized floor space for cabinets, and reduced costs for new cartridges to US$500—less than half of what a traditional arcade unit cost at the time.[12]

SNK wanted to bring arcade games to people's homes without making any performance compromises that their contemporaries had to deal with. In 1990, SNK released its first home console, the Neo Geo AES (Advanced Entertainment System), as a solution to this problem. Compared to its competitors, the Neo Geo AES had much better graphics and sound.[12] It was first sold at $599, and came bundled with two joystick controllers and a game (either Baseball Stars or NAM-1975); alternatively, the console could be bought for $399 with one control stick and without an accompanying game. The individual games themselves would cost at least $200 each. Joystick controllers contained the same four-button layout as the arcade MVS cabinet. Within a few months of the system's introduction in North America, SNK increased the cost to $649 and changed the pack-in game to Magician Lord. The type of games on the Neo-Geo AES varied; some were all-new creations like Super Sidekicks, while others were updated versions of earlier titles, such as Baseball Stars Professional.

Bolstered by the success of the Neo Geo AES, SNK also produced its successors: the Neo Geo CD, the Hyper Neo Geo 64, the Neo Geo Pocket and the Neo Geo Pocket Color.[12] SNK also opened two new amusement parks in 1994 and 1999, named Neo Geo Land and Neo Geo World, respectively.

2000 - 2001: Bankruptcy due to civil rehabilitation[]

SNK farewell

SNK's farewell image for fans. Posted on their old official site.

SNK had focused on the booming arcade industry for the 1990's, but as interest in arcades fell in favor of home and portable consoles going into the 2000's, they were unable to adjust to the changing market, with their recent hardware releases selling poorly and attempts to diversify into new markets such as amusement parks failing. SNK tried to develop more titles for the home console market, such as Shinsetsu Samurai Spirits Bushidō Retsuden, Athena: Awakening from the Ordinary Life, Koudelka, and Cool Cool Toon, but as none of them sold well it left the company's financial situation in a dire state.

In January 2000, SNK's poor financial status led to its acquisition by Aruze, a company known for its pachinko machines and the parent company of its competitor SETA. Instead of developing video games using SNK's intellectual properties, Aruze manufactured pachinko machines that featured popular series such as King of Fighters. SNK saw little success in the video game market.[12]

The same year, Capcom agreed to create a series of fighting games featuring both companies' fighting game characters. The Capcom vs. SNK games were a success, however most of the profits went to Capcom because it developed and published the games. SNK released SNK vs. Capcom: Match of the Millennium and SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash on the Neo Geo Pocket Color. Combined, the two games sold around 50,000 copies.

SNK closed all American, Canadian and European operations, on June 13th, 2000.[19][20] The company sold rights to distribution in North America for MVS arcade systems and Neo Print photo systems. It licensed North American localizations of some console releases to outside companies.

With low morale and an unclear future, many of the company's employees left their jobs.[10] Some joined rivals Capcom and Arc System Works, and others moved on to found the developer Dimps. Kawasaki, along with five other former SNK executives, funded the formation of BrezzaSoft, which continued to develop Neo Geo games such as The King of Fighters 2001.[12]

FinalUp

Today it has updated the official site of the SNK company (www.neogeo.co.jp), where it says goodbye to all its fans and clients who since 1978 have made this a company that creates games of excellent quality, mostly over 23 years.

With a total debt of about 38 billion yen, SNK gave up on voluntary reconstruction, and on April 2nd, 2001, SNK applied for the application of the Civil Rehabilitation Law to the Osaka District Court, effectively going bankrupt.[21][22][23] The application was accepted, and the revitalization procedures were once proceeded, and the head office returned to Suita City, Osaka Prefecture.[24] The district court decided to abolish the civil rehabilitation proceedings on October 1st, of the same year,[25][26] and declared bankruptcy on October 30th.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]

Licenses for SNK's game production and development rights to its franchises were sold to several other companies. These included BrezzaSoft, which produced The King of Fighters 2001, such as South Korean-based Eolith, which produced The King of Fighters franchise between 2001 and 2002, and Mega Enterprise, which produced Metal Slug 4.[12] In 2001, the Neo Geo family ended. It was briefly revived 11 years later with the Neo Geo X.[12]

2001 - 2003: Playmore Corporation[]

Established as Playmore Corporation on August 1st, 2001.[1][35] It was originally an affiliate of the former SNK. Initially, it was a legal company specializing in copyright management services, and it would be incorrect to refer to the former SNK as its predecessor company. On October 30th, of the same year, the company won the company's intellectual property rights in a bid made during the bankruptcy of the former SNK.

In October 2002, Kawasaki sued Aruze for copyright infringement, claiming 6.2 billion Japanese yen (US$49,446,510) in damages. He cited that Aruze had continued to use SNK's intellectual properties after Playmore re-acquired them.

To re-establish its presence in the gaming market, Playmore acquired BrezzaSoft and its former SNK developers, as well as Japan-based Neo Geo developer Noise Factory, Sun Amusement, a Japanese commercial games distributor, was acquired by SNK to provide the company with an arcade distribution outlet in Japan. International offices were established in South Korea, Hong Kong, and the United States under the name SNK NeoGeo for commercial and, later, consumer gaming distribution.[36][12]

2003 - 2014: SNK Playmore[]

In July 2003, with the permission of Eikichi Kawasaki, the founder of the former SNK company, the company changed its name to SNK Playmore Corporation.[37][38] In the same year, SNK purchased ADK shortly after it filed for bankruptcy. Previously, ADK was a third-party company that had been heavily associated with SNK since the late 1980's. SNK Playmore's operations in Japan already largely resembled the original company: SNK employed many employees who left after its bankruptcy filing and occupied its former building.[12]

In the fall and winter of 2003, SNK Playmore obtained an injunction against a group of four different companies, causing hundreds of AES cartridges to be seized. In the following year, SNK Playmore struck a compromise with two of the companies. The two were allowed to sell AES cartridges, under the conditions that the cartridges would not be modified again and that any legitimate materials would be returned to SNK Playmore.

Within the same year, SNK Playmore would discontinue the AES system, preferring to publish video games in cooperation with Sammy. Using its arcade board Atomiswave, SNK Playmore gained a more secure and modern platform for new arcade releases.[39] A preliminary decision in January 2004 by the Osaka District Court favored SNK Playmore, awarding it 5.64 billion yen (US$44,980,374).[12] In 2004, SNK Playmore officially became licensed to manufacture pachislot machines (Japanese slot machines played in pachinko parlors). The company released its first two machines that year: Metal Slug and Dragon Gal. Pachislots would be more heavily featured in SNK Playmore's product lineup for the next decade.[40][41]

In September 2006 at the Tokyo Game Show (TGS), SNK Playmore announced that it had ceased producing games on the Atomiswave, favoring Taito's Type X2 arcade platform. To counter the decline in the commercial gaming industry, the company shifted some of its development focus to consumer games, including original games for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, mobile phones, and other platforms. Games continue to be ported to the PlayStation 2, mostly in Europe because Sony Computer Entertainment of America (SCEA) did not approve most SNK Playmore games, and more rarely to the Xbox. In Japan, SNK Playmore released the NeoGeo Online Collection for the PlayStation 2, which contained some of its older games. It featured emulations, and online play was available through the KDDI matching service. The company also released original titles based on existing franchises such as Metal Slug and the KOF: Maximum Impact series.

In 2007, the company's console support expanded with ports of its classic titles being released on Xbox Live Arcade[42] and Nintendo's Virtual Console service on the Wii. In 2009, SNK also entered the mobile game market, developing and publishing several games based on its franchises.[43]

In December 2012, SNK Playmore released the Neo Geo X, a relaunched mobile Neo Geo console. On October 2nd, 2013, SNK Playmore terminated its licensing agreement with the console's manufacturer, Tommo, effectively ending production of the Neo Geo X less than a year after its release.[44][45] Tommo disputed the termination, stating that its contract was extended until 2016 and that it performed every obligation of the licensing agreement.[46][47]

In June 2013, the VIGAMUS, a museum of video games in Rome,[48] hosted an event dedicated to the history of SNK, tracing back the origins of the company and explaining the evolution of its games. Yamamoto Kei, Kiyoji Tomita, and Ogura Eisuke participated at the event and were interviewed. Ogura also drew two original illustrations to exhibit at the museum.[49]

2015 - Present: Foreign acquisition and brand restoration[]

In March 2015, Leyou Technologies Holdings submitted a disclosure of interest document to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, highlighting a "possible investment in a renowned Japanese video game developer".[50] Later in August, it was announced that Chinese web and mobile game giant 37Games, and asset management firm Orient Securities had formed a joint venture to invest in Ledo Millennium, a subsidiary of Leyou. Through Ledo, the venture acquired Kawasaki's 81.25% stake in SNK Playmore for $63.5 million. The reason given for the acquisition was to gain rights to SNK Playmore's intellectual property, and further develop them by following Marvel Entertainment's approach to mass media. The joint venture planned to integrate games, comics, film, and television in a media franchise.[51][52]

With the purchase completed, SNK Playmore signaled a shift in the company's strategy, which had previously been focused more on the production of pachislot and mobile games than its traditional area, console and arcade games. In 2015, SNK Playmore announced that it was withdrawing from the pachislot market, choosing instead to focus on console and mobile gaming, as well as character licensing[53][41] using its popular characters such as Mai Shiranui, Ukyo Tachibana, Nakoruru, and Haohmaru. Additionally, all of the aforementioned characters made their appearance as guest characters in a mobile multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), Wangzhe Rongyao, roughly translated to English as Honor of Kings, which is the world highest-grossing game of all time as well as the most downloaded mobile app globally.[54]

SNK logo

SNK Corporation company logo (since 2016)

On April 25th, 2016, SNK officially dropped the "Playmore" name from its corporate logo and reintroduced its old slogan, "The Future Is Now", to signify "a return to SNK's rich gaming history".[55] A legal name change from SNK Playmore Corporation to SNK Corporation followed on December 1st, 2016,[5][56] to more firmly establish SNK Playmore as the successor to the old SNK brand and legacy.[37] The King of Fighters XIV, the first entry in its series in more than half a decade, was released in 2016. In July 2018, SNK released the NEOGEO Mini, a miniature console based on the design of the company's Japanese arcade machines. It was pre-loaded with forty classic Neo Geo games.[57]

In June 2019, the 12th entry in the Samurai Shodown[58] series was released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, followed by an arcade version in October and a Nintendo Switch version later in the year.

On September 4th, 2019, Nintendo announced that Fatal Fury protagonist and The King of Fighters character Terry Bogard would be added as a downloadable, playable character to Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, with a planned release in November 2019.[59] Terry was made available on November 6th, alongside a The King of Fighters-based stage and 50 songs from various SNK series.[60]

In November 2020, the MiSK Foundation, a non-profit organization owned by the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed Bin Salman, acquired a 33.3% share of SNK through its subsidiary, Electronics Game Development Company (EGDC), with the intention to acquire a further 17.7% share at a later time as to gain controlling interest in the company.[61]

In April 2021, three board members dispatched from Saudi Arabia were appointed. EGDC announced its intention to acquire 51% through additional purchases.[62] In February 2022, EGDC's ownership share was increased to 96.18%.[4][63][64] In May, of the same year, SNK notifies the delisting of your shares of the Korea Exchange (KOSDAQ) and EGDC's future plans to acquire all of the company's shares becoming its wholly owned subsidiary.[65] On March 20th, 2023, SNK relocated its main headquarter to Yodogawa-ku, Osaka.[66]

Gaming systems[]

Involvement with Super Smash Bros.[]

SNK officially became the tenth third-party company to join Smash as one of the company's most popular characters, Terry Bogard from Fatal Fury, joined Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as a part of Fighters Pass Volume 1. Included with his Challenger Pack is the stage King of Fighters Stadium, 50 music tracks, and multiple Spirits.

Outside of Fatal Fury, Terry also represents The King of Fighters series, where some of its characters make cameos in the King of Fighters Stadium. One of these characters, Iori Yagami, is the basis for a separate paid DLC Mii Fighter costume.

Outside of the two main series represented, several other SNK franchises receive minor representation in a similar manner to Pac-Man and Bandai Namco. These include separate paid DLC Mii Fighter costumes modeled after Ryo Sakazaki from Art of Fighting and Nakoruru from Samurai Shodown; minor cameos in the King of Fighters Stadium such as Athena Asamiya from Psycho Soldier, Ralf Jones & Clark Still from Ikari Warriors, and King and Yuri Sakazaki from Art of Fighting; and music arrangements from Athena, Alpha Mission, and Metal Slug.

Videos[]

[]

Promotional Videos[]

ALL ABOUT SNK【SNKのすべて】[]

Trivia[]

  • SNK is one of five companies to be introduced to Smash through DLC; the other four being Square Enix, Atlus, Xbox Game Studios, and Mojang Studios.
    • Technically, the list would be six to include PlatinumGames, which strangely is not credited along with the rest of the copyrights. This could be due to the fact that they technically do not own the Bayonetta intellectual property (Sega does instead).
  • SNK is the second third-party company to have once been one of Nintendo's competitors in the home console market, the other being Sega.
  • SNK currently has the least amount of playable characters out of all the other third-party companies, only having one.
    • However, SNK's sole representative universe (Fatal Fury) is also used to represent other game series created by their respective companies.

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Corporate Information (English). SNK Corporation. Retrieved on 28 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Romano, Sal (29 July 2021). SNK appoints Kenji Matsubara as new CEO (English). Gematsu. Retrieved on 29 August 2023.
  3. ↑ Hayashi, Katsuhiko (2 December 2022). Profile ｜SNK CEO Famitsu Interview (Japanese). www.famitsu.com. Retrieved on 21 September 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Results of Tender Offer for the Korean Depository Receipts of SNK Corporation by Electronic Gaming Development Company (English). SNK (15 February 2022). Retrieved on 21 September 2023.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Announcement regarding SNK Corporation’s name change. (English). SNK (1 December 2016). Retrieved on 5 August 2023.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Original SNK Corporation Official website (Japanese). SNK (4 January 1997). Archived from the original on 4 January 1997. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 旧SNK 公式サイト (Japanese). エス・エヌ・ケイ (12 October 2001). Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved on 1 December 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 A site that mirrors the old SNK official website (Japanese). SNK (12 October 2001). Retrieved on 1 December 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 SNK Homepage (English). SNK (5 October 2001). Archived from the original on 5 October 2001. Retrieved on 1 December 2023.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 旧企業情報 (Japanese). SNK (6 August 2001). Archived from the original on 6 August 2001. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  11. ↑ SNK HISTORY – 株式会社SNK (Japanese). SNK (1 December 2016). Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 Provo, Frank (11 June 2004). The History of SNK (English). GameSpot. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  13. ↑ Le premier succès (French). Neo Geo Spirit. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  14. ↑ 1978-2024 ｜ 株式会社SNK (Japanese). SNK (4 April 2024). Retrieved on 21 April 2024.
  15. ↑ Original SNK Corporation of America Official website (English). snkusa.com (18 April 1998). Archived from the original on 18 April 1998. Retrieved on 5 August 2023.
  16. ↑ About US at an archived version of the official SNK Corporation of America website (English). snkusa.com (5 October 1999). Archived from the original on 5 October 1999. Retrieved on 5 August 2023.
  17. ↑ SNK devient un acteur majeur de l'arcade (French). Neo Geo Spirit. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  18. ↑ Massimiliano. Neo-Geo.com exclusive interview: SNK Playmore Japan! (English). Neo-Geo.com. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  19. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (9 June 2000). SNK Closing Its Doors (English). IGN. Retrieved on 21 June 2023.
  20. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (13 June 2000). SNK Confirms US Closure (English). IGN. Retrieved on 21 June 2023.
  21. ↑ 「ＮＥＯ-ＧＥＯ」（ネオジオ）などのゲーム機器の開発･製造 株式会社エス・エヌ・ケイ 民事再生手続き開始を申請 負債380億円 (Japanese). 帝国データバンク (2 April 2001). Archived from the original on 8 April 2001. Retrieved on 19 March 2024.
  22. ↑ エス・エヌ・ケイが大阪地裁に民事再生手続きを申請！ (Japanese). 電撃オンライン (2 April 2001). Retrieved on 20 March 2024.
  23. ↑ Dagdag (5 April 2001). SNK veut éviter la faillite (French). Gamekult. Retrieved on 21 May 2024.
  24. ↑ Funatsu, Minoru (2 April 2001). SNK applies for the start of civil rehabilitation proceedings and abandons voluntary reconstruction (Japanese). Impress. Retrieved on 20 March 2024.
  25. ↑ Kitamura, Takakazu (4 October 2001). SNK abandons civil rehabilitation proceedings and releases "KOF2001" with a different distributor (Japanese). Impress. Retrieved on 15 September 2023.
  26. ↑ SNKが再建を断念。発売間近の『ザ・キング・オブ・ファイターズ2001』はどうなる？ (Japanese). 電撃オンライン (5 October 2001). Retrieved on 21 May 2024.
  27. ↑ エス・エヌ・ケイ フォーエバー. エス・エヌ・ケイ (29 October 2001). Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  28. ↑ SNK FOR EVER. SNK (29 October 2001). Retrieved on 13 November 2023.
  29. ↑ SNKが大阪地裁から破産宣告 (Japanese). ZDNet JAPAN (2 November 2001). Archived from the original on 19 November 2001. Retrieved on 20 March 2024.
  30. ↑ アルゼがSNK株主より損害賠償請求 (Japanese). ジーパラドットコム (2 November 2001). Archived from the original on 24 December 2001. Retrieved on 20 March 2024.
  31. ↑ SNK issues cryptic bankruptcy statement (English). Spong (29 October 2001). Retrieved on 21 May 2024.
  32. ↑ Seyoon Park, Andrew (29 October 2001). SNK Corporation closes its doors (English). GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2 November 2001. Retrieved on 10 July 2023.
  33. ↑ Dagdag (31 October 2001). SNK : un dernier petit cadeau (French). Gamekult. Retrieved on 21 May 2024.
  34. ↑ https://www.angelfire.com/ga/engallo/copy_of_evil.html
  35. ↑ Press Release - SNK Playmore (English). SNK Playmore (8 November 2013). Archived from the original on 1 December 2013. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  36. ↑ Neo Geo Group Company Info (Japanese). www.snkneogeo.co.jp (3 October 2002). Archived from the original on 6 October 2002. Retrieved on 15 September 2023.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 社名変更のお知らせ (Japanese). SNK Playmore (July 2003). Archived from the original on 25 November 2005. Retrieved on 29 October 2023.
  38. ↑ Change of our Company Name (English). SNK Playmore (7 July 2003). Archived from the original on 4 August 2003. Retrieved on 15 September 2023.
  39. ↑ IGN Staff (20 February 2004). SNK to Atomiswave: Company puts an end to the Neo Geo (English). IGN. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  40. ↑ パチスロ – 株式会社SNKプレイモア (Japanese). SNK Playmore. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved on 19 September 2023.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Walker, Ian (2 November 2015). SNK Playmore Leaves Pachislot Business, Plans to Step Up Game Development (English). Shoryuken. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  42. ↑ Product Info - FATAL FURY SPECIAL™. Xbox. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  43. ↑ ＳＮＫプレイモア、iPhone/iPod touch向けゲームアプリ第一弾『メタルスラッグ タッチ』を配信開始！ (Japanese). SNK (18 December 2009). Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  44. ↑ Termination of the License Agreement between Tommo and SNK Playmore USA Corp. (English). Snk Playmore Usa (3 October 2013). Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved on 23 September 2023.
  45. ↑ Good, Owen (5 October 2013). SNK Orders NeoGeo X Maker to End Production and Stop Selling It (English). Kotaku. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  46. ↑ Tommo Responds to the Wrongful Termination Claim by SNK Playmore USA Corp (English). Tommo Inc (8 October 2013). Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved on 23 September 2023.
  47. ↑ Corriea, Alexa Ray (10 January 2014). Tommo planning to take action in Neo Geo X sales feud with SNK (English). Polygon. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  48. ↑ Partner & Sponsor | Vigamus, Museo del videogioco di Roma (Italian). Vigamus.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved on 23 September 2023.
  49. ↑ Eleonora L. (1 July 2013). SNK Legends at Italian Museum of Videogames, Vigamus! (English). EIirgames.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved on 23 September 2023.
  50. ↑ Freddy, Lazie (5 April 2015). Rumor: SNK Playmore acquired by Chinese Company (English). Dream Cancel. Retrieved on 21 January 2021.
  51. ↑ Hodgkins, Crystalyn (6 August 2015). Chinese Company Buys Majority Stake in Japanese Game Developer SNK Playmore (English). Anime News Network. Retrieved on 29 April 2016.
  52. ↑ Freddy, Lazie (6 August 2015). SNK Playmore acquired by Chinese Company - Dream Cancel (English). Dream Cancel. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  53. ↑ Antonio Pineda, Rafael (3 November 2015). SNK Playmore Drops Slot Machines, Focuses on Smartphone/Consumer Games (English). AnimeNewsNetwork. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  54. ↑ Behind SNK's record-breaking IPO: Policies are heating up the gaming industry, and Junchuang Fund has made considerable returns (Chinese). stock.591hx.com (8 May 2019). Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  55. ↑ Announcement regarding SNK Playmore's Corporate Logo & Slogan changes (English). www.snkplaymore.co.jp (25 April 2016). Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved on 28 September 2023.
  56. ↑ Announcement regarding SNK Playmore's company name change. (English). SNK Playmore (1 November 2016). Retrieved on 28 September 2023.
  57. ↑ NEOGEO Mini (English). SNK Corporation. Retrieved on 31 January 2021.
  58. ↑ Lima, Diego (1 July 2019). Review: Samurai Shodown (Portuguese). IGN Brasil. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  59. ↑ D'Anastasio, Cecilia (4 September 2019). Fatal Fury's Terry Is Coming To Super Smash Bros. (English). Kotaku. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  60. ↑ Martinez, Phillip (6 November 2019). 'Smash Ultimate' Terry Bogard Release Date and Specials Revealed (English). NewsWeek. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  61. ↑ Kerr, Chris (27 November 2020). Saudi Arabian charity Misk acquires 33.3% stake in SNK (English). Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved on 20 September 2023.
  62. ↑ Seoul, Riyadh (7 April 2021). Appointment of Three Board Members from the Mohammed Bin Salman Foundation (MiSK Foundation) Announced at Shareholder Meeting of Japanese Gaming Company SNK. SNK. Retrieved on 21 September 2023.
  63. ↑ KSA, Riyadh (18 May 2022). The Mohammed Bin Salman Foundation (Misk) Announces Completion Of Strategic Investment In Japanese Gaming Company SNK (English). Misk Foundation. Retrieved on 18 August 2023.
  64. ↑ Peters, Jay (5 April 2022). SNK is now almost entirely owned by the Saudi crown prince's foundation (English). The Verge. Retrieved on 18 August 2023.
  65. ↑ Notice regarding delisting of SNK shares on the Korea Exchange (KOSDAQ) (Japanese). SNK (18 May 2022). Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved on 8 October 2023.
  66. ↑ 本社移転のお知らせ (Japanese). SNK (1 March 2023). Retrieved on 5 June 2023.
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